Reference Material

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Editor's Note: This on-line edition is the original paper as translated for U.S. Audiences in 1987. Dr. Manaka's book, “Chasing the Dragon's Tail” includes an illustrated and professionally translated version.

Acupuncture As Intervention In The Biological Information System By Yoshio Manaka and Kazuko Itaya
An address given at the Annual Assembly of Japan Meridian Treatment Association, March 29-30, 1986, Tokyo

Preface
Acupuncture originated in China. It is a traditional medicine with a long history, possibly the oldest treatment method in China. It has clinical value, and many scholars have now developed a new understanding of it. But, the original texts are difficult for scholars to understand because the general ideas are so difficult. Some Western Chinese scholars say that there was no European-style scientific method employed in ancient China. They conceive it is a medicine mixed with shamanism, a simple naturalist philosophy where everything is explained by yin - yang and five phase theories.

Yet, as an unscientific methodology it flourished. We can say that many other good methodologists and technologies were created in China, not just in the field of medicine. We only need look at Joseph Needham's Science and Civilization in China to understand this. There was, for instance, a very early use of magnets, compasses, gunpowder, astronomical instruments, etc. Until the middle ages in Europe at least 20 influential ideas and technologies were imported from China, but only two exported to China. There is a discrepancy between what some scholars say and these facts. In ancient times they didn't have the same mechanisms of storage and transmission of knowledge that we have now, only scholars had the opportunity to treat with, and use knowledge. In the old times the craftsmen and artisans didn't have the same kind of intelligence; instead they had experiential knowledge of these important methods. They improved and refined their sensitivities using right brain pattern recognition, constructing sophisticated but not scholarly methods. These craftsmen wanted to pass on their knowledge and wrote the classic texts (for instance, the Su Wen, Ling Shu, and Nan Jing).

But today, these texts are only old writings, consisting of many technical terms which people have difficulty understanding, often using them as jargon without really understanding their meaning. However, we should not forget that these are key terms. One day, as when Champollion understood the Rosetta stone, a genius will understand these key terms. When this happens, many will be surprised by this cultural legacy.

I have noticed that many people overlook the important points of acupuncture My hypothesis regarding these is: There is an original signal system in the body that came from embryological roots, but has a complicated development where it is masked by the automatic systems in the body. It is thus hard to find or see. We can sense and discriminate a little of this system, both from the outside and inside. As it is conveyed around the body it regulates the physical body. This system is the modus operandi of acupuncture. Some sixty years ago in Japan the meridian treatment school clashed with those that believed acupuncture stimulates the nervous system. The meridian treatment school tried to make the others understand the meridians. In their defense, I think that meridian treatments use delicate techniques which unknowingly stimulate the “X-signal system”. Today some don't see the wisdom in this, yet one point can stimulate one part of the body and a point very close can stimulate another part of the body. Why is this? Neurophysiology cannot explain it. The X- signal system is my hypothetical explanation.

We can make the following observations about the X-signal system:
1. By physiology we cannot say that it uses nervous stimulation because it uses only tiny stimulation in therapy.
2. The agents of therapy and their reactions cannot be explained by neurology.
3. It is correlated to, and can be used for the vertical meridian systems in the body.
4. It manifests in certain reactive acupoints which are topologically related.
5. The theory of the octants is part of this system.

When we treat with acupuncture and moxibustion, we don't think consciously about the X-signal system, but it participates in the treatment When the meridian treatment school uses acupuncture, not only is the X-signal system affected, but many other physiological systems are as well affected. Therefore, the meridian treatment school and others schools have a certain pattern in common. But, using the X-signal system consciously is quite different, and very useful. We have been concerned with this problem for years; it is our research objective. Today it is regrettable that researchers in the field of acupuncture are concentrating only on its effects upon the nervous system. There is no possibility in their research to discuss the X-signal system. If this system is deeply related to meridian treatments, maybe the meridian treatment school will eventually grow within the field of acupuncture science. We are a small group but we have honor and pride.

Chapter I
The mysterious biological signal system's evolutionary process.
In 1984 E. Schoffeniels, a biochemistry professor from the University of Liege and one of the foremost biochemists of Europe, came to Tokyo for the 10th International Life Sciences Congress In his work, he tries to clarify biological evolution and life's origins. He gave an interesting lecture, July 25, on the topic of Generalizing Information Theory to Open Systems. His work made a deep impression on me. He used both thermodynamics and information theory to explain the process of biological evolution, thus clarifying the nature of biological systems. He cited the work of Prigogine and his theory of dissipative structures, and the theory of Eigen. He described how the evolution of biological organisms occurs in a fluctuating environment. He summarized his conclusions thus: In recognizing that biological systems are cybernetic networks, the conclusion is reached that there are two main languages in biology, molecular and electrical. Since a molecule can be information, operations befalling it in a metabolic sequence are informational and enzyme catalysis is the executor of these operations.

The problem of information transmission can now be introduced: generator of information, encoder of information, information channel, receptor of information. Additionally, one has to define the properties of the transducer whose effect is to transform one language into another, thus allowing for the tuning of the generator and receptor. Two fundamental problems only partially answered are those of conservation and combination of biological information. Application of classical information theory to the calculation of the information content of biological system is beset with contradictions. To understand the cause of these setbacks, it is useful to review the most important points of information theory, establishing relations so derived with classical thermodynamics. Then one must consider the problem from the angle of information accumulation in the course of time within the DNA, a true integration of different information received by biological structures. This leads us, derived from Prigogine's and Eigen's theories, to consider the evolution of biological structures in relation to a changing environment, and then to a deterministic mechanism of evolution.

Thus, it is on the background of genetic information that systems develop which allow interaction of an informational nature with the environment. Herein lies the importance of the generalization, epitomized in the feedback organism-environment, that in an evolving environment, an organism can only evolve. Mr. Minakata Kumakusu is an eccentric genius, knowledgeable in many areas. He is a specialist in single-celled organisms. He describes the organism, My xomycetes, which is single-celled and somewhat eccentric itself. It usually leads a solitary lifestyle; however, if the environment becomes unfavorable, these single cells migrate together, assembling to form a large organism, which has a single stem and spores at its apex, which upon release increase in size. How can this single-celled organism have a unified movement? It may be that there is some kind of signal system, although it does not have a central nervous system or a hormonal system, (i.e. ab automation system). Yet some kind of signal system enables it to a cut in unity with other cells. This primitive lower organism has a complex control system. The master of this control system is contained within the cell, already put into the DNA information. There exists a mechanism which Schoffeniels says is both a molecular language and an electric signal and is capable of being sent and received. Man is more evolved than the single-celled organisms - during the process of evolution we developed complex information systems and the automation systems.

Today man's control system is highly developed with an internal circulation which we think is very important, but is the original and simple system still present? There are a few scholars who think that if one were to input information to DNA, piling it up on top of previous information, the older deeper layers of information will still be present. For example, there are the conscious and unconscious realms. The unconscious realm lies underneath the conscious and is much deeper and larger. The conscious is like the “explicit order, ‘behind which lies the cosmic information that originated with the big bang, the “implicit order”. We cannot understand or measure this implicit order, but we can demonstrate its existence, because sometimes we can roll time backwards and perceive it. In acupuncture therapy, we sometimes experience a similar phenomenon: we can apply a very tiny agent to an acupoint and produce changes in an unrelated area of the body. We cannot explain this by neurology. We sometimes experience the same thing with the meridian phenomenon. Thus, I would like to restate my hypothesis: When present man was not yet evolved, he did not have a complex signal system, but instead a rudimentary biological system which was a primitive signal system. This is what we will call the “X-signal system”. Acupuncture therapy use very delicate stimulation, but has very good results, because the X-signal system participates in its effects.

Chapter 2
Does the X-signal system really exist?
When treating with acupuncture and moxibustion, we use traditional examination methods and techniques, and sometimes meet with phenomena that cannot be explained by modern physiology In these cases, we have two possibilities, firstly that it is difficult for us to recognize what is really going on, and secondly that we have met with some as yet unknown thing. Is this the X-signal system that we have hypothesized, or only our imagination? Maybe future research, examination and criticism will be able to decide. The following are examples of these phenomena.

1. We can apply some influence to one point and affect other areas without stimulating the nervous system. For example, we can place a north-facing magnet on the large intestine point in the auricle and the reaction at the large intestine source point, LI-4, on the same side decreases. Reversing the magnet in the auricle so that the south pole faces the point increases the reaction in the same LI-4 point.

2. On the opposite auricle, placing the south-facing pole on the large intestine point reduces reaction in the original LI-4 point, while the north-facing pole increases the reaction, i.e. polarities reverse if one stimulates the other side.

3. We can choose a random point on the large intestine meridian distally and place copper on it, and place zinc on a proximal point and find a reduction of the LI-4 reaction. Reversing the position of the copper and zinc causes the LI-4 reaction to return. These two metals do not make contact like a metal battery because they are not inserted into the body fluids, but are placed on the body surface. The distance between the points is irrelevant to the efficacy of the effect.

4. We can choose two points randomly on the lung meridian in the same manner, placing zinc distally and copper proximally to reduce reaction in the same LI-4 point (provided the points are selected on the same side of the body), where copper distally and zinc proximally will cause the LI-4 reaction to return. Again, the polarity reverses.

5. The lung - large intestine, stomach -Spleen meridians, tai yin - yang ming, make a circuit, which is traditionally said to be the pathway of qi and blood, circulating at the surface of the body. If we put copper randomly upstream on one meridian in the circuit and zinc randomly on a point on the next meridian in the circuit, e.g. copper on a large intestine point and zinc on a stomach point, we can see the same effects, regardless of the distance between the points; that is, the LI-4 reaction will decrease. Reversing the polarity, putting the zinc on the large intestine point and copper on the stomach point, will cause a return of the LI-4 reaction. This circuit is said to be a functional system or functional set.

6. Traditionally the meridians all have five phase points which run from the distal ends of the meridians proximally to the elbows and knees. Mysteriously their order is said to be wood, fire, earth, metal, water for the yin meridians and metal, water, wood, fire, earth for the yang meridians. Some scholars think that the five phases are just a conceptual idea based on a naturalistic philosophy. They perhaps ignore the fact that there is probably some reality that underlines this order. If we examine the functional sets described in #5, we can understand that this order has very significant importance. The same five phases points are “is ophasal to each other. If we put zinc and copper on the same phase point of two meridians in the same functional set, e.g. LI-11 and ST-36, we can reduce the LI-4 reaction regardless of which point is given copper and which zinc. That is, copper on right LI-11 and zinc on right ST-36 yields the same affect as zinc on right LI-11 and copper on right ST-36 - they both reduce LI-4 reaction and thus, we can demonstrate this is ophasal rule, If the five phase theory is the product of conceptual ideas and physiology and we can use the five phase points clinically then we can say that the problem of the five phases is a topological one, it is mathematics not philosophy. This has very great significance since we can intentionally use it to affect the signal system if we stimulate methodically. The concept of these five phase points gives them a fixed order “wood, fire, earth, metal, water” in the “creative cycle. “ Thus, for example, wood is said to be the mother of fire and earth is said to be the child of fire. Some people think that this idea has no practical relevance. LI-4 is the source point on the large intestine meridian, a metal meridian. Traditionally LI-11 is the earth point of this meridian, located on the elbow and is thus the mother and “tonification” point. LI-2 is slightly distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger, it is the water point of the large intestine meridian and thus the child and “dispersion” point. But many people think that these five phase ideas are just an overblown ideology.

7. However, if one places the positive pole of a 1.4 volt (AA)battery on LI-II, LI-4 mysteriously becomes more reactive. If one does the same to LI-2, the negative pole decreases LI-4 while the positive pole increases LI-4 reaction, i.e. its polarity is opposite. People's skin resistance is very high, so when one tries this procedure, if there is an electric current flowing, it is perhaps only of the order of 1 mv, which is not enough to stimulate the nervous system, but, the meridian point scan utilize this tiny information flow and are certainly able to discriminate it too. If the five phases are a conceptual theory, then this phenomenon is a very clear demonstration of its truth.

8. R. Voll measures the DC electrical resistance at the jing points of the meridians, next to the nails of the fingers and toes He diagnoses meridian and organ dysfunctions by their variations in electrical resistance. He uses homeopathic remedies in his treatments. He originated this method for selecting the appropriate remedy and quantity of it, and calls it “Medikamententestung”. If this test describes some meridian abnormality or organ dysfunction, he selects an appropriate remedy sample which the patient holds in one hand while he remeasures the points. If the numerical values are restored to normal, then this remedy is appropriate for that patient's problems. His theory is that the remedy is able to affect the electrical resistance in the meridians through the sample. This is not explicable through normal pharmacological action, but somehow this sample sends some kind of signal through the sample's glass container to bring about biological change.

9. Dr. Yoshiaki Omura with his Bi-Digital O Ring test has advanced the biological bidigital test - a sort of kinesiology test - and reports similar phenomena. The patient being tested makes a ring with forefinger and thumb, the therapist tries to pull the digits apart while the patient tries to resist. If the patient has an organic disease, he should place his other forefinger on the skin of a region affected by the disease. He will then have little power of resistance in the test. Dr. Omura will then retest the patient while the patient holds a sample of medication. If the medication is correct, he will then have the power to resist. The signal affects the power of grip, stimulating the so-called nervous system to cause the reflex.

10. If one side of LI-4 has pressure pain and tension, one can perform the following test and obtain the following results, using a hinaishin needle: Needling GV-14 in an upward direction has no effect on LI-4. Needling in a downward direction will decrease LI-4 reaction. Needling CV-6 in an upward direction will decrease LI-4. Needling CV-6 in a downward direction has no effect on LI-4. This phenomenon was found and reported by Dr. Manaka. But it is a mystery, requiring difficult explanations that not many can follow and so couldn't give much attention to. But I, Dr. Manaka, can say that when we treat and stimulate the meridian points, it is not only stimulation that occurs, but the body also receives tiny signals and discriminates between these. Thus the therapist must also discriminate between these, but this is a very difficult problem. The original acupuncture treatment techniques were deeply related to this delicate signal system.

11. If one side of LI-4 has pressure pain and tension, we can perform the following experiment using north and south pole facing magnets, placed on the left and right ear large intestine points and the corresponding points immediately behind them on the back of the ears. For instance:magnet   point      right LI-4   left LI-4 north    right LI point   decreases    increase south    right LI point   increases    decrease south    behind right     decreases    increase north    behind right     increases    decrease south    left LI point    decreases    increase north    left LI point    increases    decrease north    behind left      decreases    increase south    behind left      increases    decreases We can see that to reduce reaction on one side is difficult. A north magnet can only affect one side, the same side, but in so doing it antagonistically affects the other side. Thus, we can say that the magnetic polarity has relative effects on one side of LI-4 depending upon left - right posterior - anterior antagonisms This pressure pain relief method causes relief on one side but antagonistic pain on the other. In the study of acupuncture and moxibustion, left - right, anterior - posterior, superior - inferior polarities are each correlated to yin - yang. These represent relative energies which we can use in treatment. If right LI-4 has pressure pain, this reflects the yang meridians in the upper right half of the body. Its opposite side by yin -yang is the yin meridians of the lower left half of the body. The lower left yin meridian applicable will be the spleen meridian, by the tai yin - yang ming set. If one places a north-facing magnet on its source point, SP-3, one reduces both LI-4reactions. Yet placing south there increases both. Thus we can make a balance, but we cannot say that this is stimulation, it is too tiny an effect. Kobei Akabane came up with the name, “See-Saw Phenomenon” for these polarity opposites of left and right tenderness. But there are also polar opposites of inferior - superior and anterior -posterior. In Chinese medical thought there are yin - yang concepts of the body, the posterior, superior, and left parts are yang, the anterior, inferior and right parts are yin, as part of the yin - yang theory. Based upon these ideas we can devise a systematic approach. A. With these three yin - yang polarities we can divide the body into eight sections, within which there are polar opposites. Dr. Manaka calls this is “Octahedral Theory”. We have included this in B because the effect of LI-4 is this case is an example of octahedral phenomenon. B. Professor Takagi discovered the “pressure-perspiration reflex” which manifests the four quadrants, which are part of the octahedral pattern. C. If the octahedral theory has a physical nature, then its boundaries or dividing lines can be defined by:1) the medial borderline of left and right, the ren and dumai2) the borderline of superior and inferior, the dai mai3) the lateral borderline of anterior and posterior, which is the triple warmer and gallbladder meridians on the yang aspect and the spleen and pericardium on the yin aspect. These lines have special significance. In ancient times the people knew this and called them the ocean of many yin and the ocean of many yang.

12. Dr. Manaka thinks that this primitive signal system described in #11 which cannot be said to be a physiological effect, uses only tiny polarized stimulation. He makes clinical use of “polarity agents”.

13. According to how we use the thumb and little finger, we can find a polarity between them. The thumb is positive, the little finger negative. If we find pressure pain on KD-16, a kidney diagnosis point, and place a little finger on KD-1,the dispersion point, and thumb on KD-7, the tonification point, the pressure pain on KD-16 will decrease. If we reverse the thumb and little finger, the KD-16 pain will increase. We can use many meridian tonification and dispersion points in the same manner, checking their corresponding abdominal reflex points and can thus demonstrate the polarity.

14. In this case, we can use the thumb and little finger without touching the points and can produce the same phenomenon using “external qi gong,” (breath and concentration) to stimulate the points. It is possible that someone not trained in qi gong can do this, however the ability varies from person to person. There are methods to increase one's power for doing this: a) if one treats the kidney meridian and the patient simultaneously says or chants “chiu” this reinforces the effect. b) someone devised the use of an electrical coil headband to stimulate energy; this also reinforces theeffect.

15. In five phase theory there is the “creative cycle” and the “controlling cycle”. The creative cycle, e.g. wood-fire-earth-metal-water has mother child relationships, but the controlling cycle wood-earth, fire-metal, earth-water, metal-wood, water-fire is also important. Many people today think that these are just conceptual and too abstract. However we can demonstrate their validity. If, for example, we rid the KD-16 pressure pain using the tonification and dispersion points as described above, then stimulate the earth point, KD-3, by holding the thumb over it and chanting “hu,” the KD-16 tenderness will reappear. In this case we stimulate earth which controls water, to reduce water, causing the original KD-16 tenderness to reappear. This demonstrates again the applicability of the five phase theories.

16. The “six style method;” this comes from qi gong, using six tones, characters, which clearly affect some of the meridians. They are as follows: organ    character         pronunciation liver    xu          sshuu heart    ke          from the throat, keee lung     si          almost like a weak `sioux' spleen   hu          pursed lips, like whooo kidney   chiu        like chewee with short For example, if right LI-4 is sore: holding thumb over right LI-11 and chanting hu decreases LI-4holding thumb over right LU-10 and chanting ke increases LI-4holding little finger over right LI-2 and chanting chiu decreases LI-4. Again we have further evidence for the applicability of the five phase theories.

Chapter 3
Polarities
When stimulating an acupoint we can discriminate between:1. nervous stimulation of the point 2. “tiny” stimulation of the point (which does not affect the nervous system and is related to the X-signal system).

These two stimuli have different effects and often occur simultaneously. The acupoint seems to be a receptor for both and is able to distinguish between these two. When nervous stimulation is given, often the patient will report feeling something, a little energy. But when the tiny stimulation is given, there is usually no sensation; thus, it is hard to distinguish between these two stimuli. However, we can use “polarity stimulation” of the acupoints, which we can demonstrate does not affect the nervous system, and thus gives us access to the tiny stimulation receptor aspect of the acupoint, the X-signal system.

“Polarity stimulation” agents give very small stimulation to the body and can be used for mapping and demonstrating various characteristics of the X-signal system. They are also the tools we can use for performing the first step of treatment, the general treatment, the correction of general yin - yang, right -left, anterior - posterior, inferior - superior imbalances. We can describe a number of “polarity stimulation” agents; each has specific characteristics and effects.

Some polarities are implicit within the body and others are externally applied agents. Each has clearly testable, demonstrable and repeatable properties. The measuring rod or gauge used in each case is usually the increase or decrease in reaction, tension or sensitivity of a special acupoint related to the acupoints being affected by the polarity agents. It is important to notice that not just relief of reaction, but also its opposite, a worsening of reaction issued.

When this happens, its substantiates the claim that the effect is neither mental or nervous. The first two polarities are “polarities of direction”.

I. The direction of massage: Applying light pressure along the trajectory of a meridian either with the flow or against the flow of the meridian, can increase or decrease the reaction of the mu point associated with that meridian. For example, use pressure pain on rightKD-11, associated with the bladder. Soft stroking massage from the right knee down to the right ankle along the bladder meridian, can decrease the KD-11 reaction. This particular polarity raises some interesting questions. If the stroking of the meridian is just mechanical stimulation, then it shouldn’t matter which digit we use to apply the massage. However, if the thumb and then the small finger are applied, the effect reverses. This is, first of all, a demonstration of a polarity between thumb and small finger and secondly a demonstration that the stroking effect is polarity dependent. A second question concerns the use of technical terms, such as “tonification” and “dispersion,” “fullness” and “vacancy”. In old times, stroking down in the direction of the meridian flow was said to be “tonifying”. However, different authors at different times, have used the term “tonifying” with different meanings, thus it is a confusing term. We use the “tonification” technique when we find a condition of “vacancy”. However, when we find reaction on KD-11, we don't know if this means “fullness” or “vacancy,” but either way, stroking down the meridian releases the reaction.

Thus, the terms “tonfication” and “dispersion” are somewhat nebulous. At the very least, if the terms are used they should be clearly defined with reference to the specific technique or agent used. Perhaps a better way to conceive the reaction at KD-11 is as a sign of imbalance between the right and left sides and not so much related to levels or doses of energy, thus we can avoid the use of confusing terms, but we still need some new technical terms. What is clear with this phenomenon is that the direction of massage has “polarity” and that the thumb and little finger also have polarity. From the observed facts we can begin the task of reexamining the classic terms to see how suitable they are.

2. The direction of the needle I, Dr. Manaka, have found that if one treats a point on the midline of the body, one can release reaction from reactive points on either or both sides. Thus, if right LI-4 is reactive, as described in Chapter 2,using a hinaishin inserted in a downward direction on GV-14will reduce the LI-4 reaction. However, removal of the needle and reinsertion in an upward direction in the same point will restore the original LI-4 reaction. Likewise, needling CV-6 in an upward direction will reduce the LI-4reaction, while needling CV-6 in a downward direction will restore the LI-4 reaction. This demonstrates that the direction of the needle insertion is very important and also that the effect is not neuro-physiological, since the same point produces opposite effects. This is another “polarity of direction”. It is particularly interesting because in the classic literature tonification and dispersion methods involved use of needles angled with or against the meridian flow. In modern China the angle of insertion is generally poorly regarded. Most needles are inserted perpendicularly, however they are also deeply inserted. With deep insertion, the nervous system is stimulated and different effects produced. When needles are inserted shallowly, as with hinaishin, and as apparently was the practice in classic times, since they claimed to obtain opposite effects using needle direction polarities, one can clearly demonstrate the polarity effects of opposite needle directions. A second interpretation of the classic notion of needling with and against meridian flow for tonification and dispersion technique exists. When needling more than one point on a meridian, first needle closer to the origin of meridian flow and then consecutively further down the meridian stream for tonification, and the opposite for dispersion. Thus for right LI-4 reaction, one might needle shallowly, first around LI-11, then LI-8, then LI-6, thenLI-2 etc. to disperse the meridian and reduce the LI-4 pain. If one were then to reverse the order of the meridian stimulation, starting around LI-2, one can restore the LI-4reaction.Thus, both interpretations of the classic idea work, confirming the notion of needle direction polarity. Starting with a conceptual definition or characteristic we can test those if it is correct or not. The next few polarities are useful not only as polarities in nature, but because the body responds in very specific ways to them and they become very useful for mapping specific internal polarities and characteristics.

3. Electric polarity
As described in Chapter 2, using a 1.5 volt (AA) battery, we can stimulate the mother and child points of a meridian and release or increase reaction at some other point on the meridian. For instance, if right LI-4 is reactive, holding the battery in the left hand with a finger over the negative end and touching the positive end to right LI-11 will reduce the LI-4reaction. Reversing the battery and touching the negative end to right LI-2 will decrease the LI-4 reaction, while the positive end increases the reaction. This demonstrates the effects of small electric polarities on the body and further, something of the nature of the “mother” or “tonification” and “child” or “dispersion” points. Any positive polarity on the mother point will reduce reaction, while negative increases. Any negative polarity on the child point reduces reaction, while positive increases reaction. This is very important; it raises very interesting questions about the nature of tonification and dispersion, the tonfication and dispersion points, and, as we will see later, is clinically very useful.

4. Magnetic polarity We can perform the same experiment as in #3, except that instead of the battery, we can use a north-facing magnet for the positive pole and a south-facing magnet for the negative pole; and can obtain the same results. Another example would be if right ST-27 (Dr. Manaka's large intestine mu point) is reactive, placing a north-facing magnet on right LI-4 will reduce the ST-27 reaction, while a south-facing magnet antagonizes it, causing the reaction tore turn. In a more interesting experiment already referred to in Chapter 2, if right LI-4 is reactive and left not, using north and south-facing magnets on the large intestine points in the right and left ears and on the corresponding points immediately behind them, causes either decrease of right LI-4and a left increase or, the opposite, increase of right with left decrease. This flip-flop effect demonstrates both the magnetic polarity and left - right, posterior - anterior, yin - yang antagonisms in the body. Without good point selection it is possible to decrease reaction on one side while increasing the other. Finally, Dr. Manaka places a north-facing magnet on left SP-3, which decreases right LI-4 without increasing left LI-4. This point is selected based upon left - right, anterior - posterior, inferior - superior, yin - yang, isophasal and topological considerations.

5. Polarity of order of application:
Two-metal contact or north-south pole contact can be used. Here the bimetallic or bipolar contact induces small direct electric currents between the points on which the metals or magnets are placed. When two metals are used, one at the more positive end of the electrochemical series - such as copper - and one at the more negative end of the electrochemical series - such as zinc, a battery effect is obtained. When we use either of these contact techniques, we can demonstrate the “polarity of the order of application”. We saw an example of this in Chapter 2, using zinc and copper on the large intestine meridian. Another example would be for reaction on KD-16, the kidney mu point, on the left side, placing copper distally on the left kidney meridian and zinc more proximally on the left kidney meridian. This will eliminate the KD-16 reaction. Reversing the polarity, placing the zinc more distally and the copper proximally will cause a return of the reaction. Likewise, using the north pole distal to the south pole on the same points will vanquish the reaction, but reversing it will cause there action to return. These polarities further demonstrate the next polarity, the direction of flow of the meridians.

6. The polarity of the meridian flow: The twelve meridians are said to complete a circuit, starting with the lung meridian, ending on the liver meridian and returning to the lung again to begin the cycle anew. The above polarities demonstrate the tendency toward omni directionality of flow. However, as mentioned in Chapter 2, there are other circuits composed of four meridians. We discussed the tai yin - yang Ming circuit, lung - large intestine, stomach -.spleen, the other meridians likewise have circuits: jue yin - shao yang, pericardium - triple warmer - gall bladder - liver and shao yin - tai yang, heart- small intestine - bladder - kidney. We gave an example above of how using the polarity described in #5, we can demonstrate that these too have omni directionality of flow. These four meridian circuits or topological functional sets exist within the overall circulation of the twelve meridians, they can be compared to the moebius strip. One very interesting facet of their use, as mentioned already in chapter two, is that we can use this polarity of meridian flow combined with the polarity of the two metal contact, the polarity of order of application, to demonstrate the nature of the five phases as isophasal properties that exist independent of meridian flow. We have already mentioned how a positive polarity applied to the mother point can rid reactions and that a negative to the child will do the same. The example given was of negative toLI-2 and positive to LI-11. When applied together, the same effect, but magnified, will occur. Thus, placing zinc onLI-2 with copper on LI-11 will rid reaction regardless of the fact that on non five phase points, copper distally and zinc proximally rids the reaction. Reversing the polarity, putting copper on LI-2 and zinc on LI-11 will cause a return of the LI-4 reaction. Another example demonstrates the same phenomenon. Usually for a KD-16 reaction, related to the kidney meridian, copper distally and zinc proximally on the kidney meridian will reduce the KD-16 reaction; however, if one puts zinc on KD-1and copper on KD-7 - the dispersion and tonfication points -the same effect can be obtained, again regardless of meridian flow. Another example clearly demonstrates the isophasal concept: If ST-27 is reactive - the large intestine mu point - we can place copper and zinc on the metal (large intestine) points of the stomach and large intestine meridians, right ST-45 and left LI-1. It doesn't matter which point receives copper and which zinc, either way the ST-27 reaction diminishes. The five phase points have characteristics of their own, as well as of the meridian they lie on. Depending on how one affects them, the points can manifest some characteristics more than others. The problem of the five phases is essentially one of topological geometry. By examining the observed facts first, we can then begin to decipher the theory described by the ancient Chinese. According to topological theory, we could choose any point on a meridian and find its isophasal partners elsewhere on other meridians. The ancient Chinese, using a philosophy current at that time, mapped isophasal points and corresponded them to the five phases, but these are not the only possiblepatterns.

7. Polarity of the ion pumping cords (An ion pumping cord is essentially a copper wire with a germanium diode in it). This allows a unidirectional flow of electric current through the wire in a circuit. Thus, applying an ion cord to two needles inserted shallowly into the body will create a polarity between the two needles such that electronic and ionic currents will begin to flow inside the body.

8. Polarity of rotation: Rotating a 2 cm diameter disc over an acupoint can stimulate the point. Clockwise and counterclockwise rotations can have reverse effects, one positive and the other negative. If on this disc one places four magnets at the corners of a centimeter square, one can perform the following experiment: If right LI-4 is reactive, we can use the tonification and dispersion points - as described above. With all four magnets north-facing, we obtain the following results: point       clockwise         counterclockwiseLI-2    LI-4 reaction up     LI-4 reaction downLI-11   LI-4 reaction down   LI-4 reaction up Thus, north magnets rotated clockwise are positive and counterclockwise are negative. Using south magnets, the rotation polarities reverse. This effect holds true for almost all acupoints on the body. However, there are some specific acupoints where this polarity produces the same effect either way. These are the meeting points on the body. San yin jiao, SP-6, is the three leg yin meeting point. Yang jiao, GB-35, is the three leg yang meeting point, feng shi, GB-31, is also a three leg yang meeting point. A point on the pericardium meridian, roughly half way between PC-3 and PC-7, around PC-4, is Dr. Manaka's three arm yin meeting point, and a point roughly two divisions above SP-10 is Dr. Manaka's three leg yin meeting point. Rotating either north or south magnets, clockwise or counterclockwise, over these points will reduce reaction in relevant points. Thus we can say that these “meeting points” are special points that lie outside the realm of normal acupoint characteristics; they lie on the “dividing lines” of the body, like the ren and du mai. This phenomenon is called the “san yin jiao characteristic”.

9. Polarity of frequency stimulation: Dr. Manaka has found that applying low frequencies - 50 Hz -of sound, light, electronic, tapping or ion beam stimulation has a strong effect on the midline of the body, whereas high frequencies - 50,000 Hz - have strong effects on the more lateral portions of the body. Thus, playing tones of low frequency to a subject can release tension at the midline of the body, along the ren mai, where higher frequency tones release tension at the lateral edges of the abdomen. Electrical stimulation of almost all acupoints at low frequency affects the midline and high frequency affects the lateral edges. However, the effect reverses if one applies the same electrical stimulation to Manaka's san yin jiao of the leg. Low frequency affects the lateral edges of the abdomen, while high affects the medial line.

Chapter 4:
How to use polarity in treatment
As we have described above, the X-signal system can receive fixed quantities of signal (which is the tiny agent) and can qualify it. It is thus useful to use the following polarities and observe their effects on the system. In acupuncture treatments we can use yin and yang, excess and deficiency of the whole or parts of the body, and decide the polarity state of the body. We can then choose a suitable stimulation to effect a polarity balance. In these cases there are fixed clinical methods of stimulation and point selection. For the beginner, it is difficult deciding how to treat and what points to use. In modern medicine researchers use scientific methodology without understanding these ideas and then try to select points. However, the nature of acupuncture and moxibustion cannot be scientifically clarified, it is too difficult a task. The problem we are faced with is the need for a system of examining the X-signal system, the rudimentary biological system. For example, if we look at the problem of the “mother and child” points, using five phase theory to “tonify and disperse,” we can find no clear understanding or answer in the classic texts. We cannot prove the classic Chinese metaphors of, for instance, “tonifying the mother to tonify the child” or “if the child is diseased, the mother becomes weak. “But, if we give a positive agent to the mother-tonfication point, this gives a positive effect, and a negative agent gives a negative effect. For the dispersion point, this relationship is opposite. With these cases we can begin to prove the correlation of polarity to the two point reflexes. The problem in acupuncture of the correspondence of tonification and dispersion to positive and negative polarities can be demonstrated with experiments using “polarized beams”. With the use of polarized beams of energy we can observe the following:

1. The effect of the positive beam on the tonification point is the same as the negative on the dispersion point.
2. If we do treatment with both polarities the resulting effect is very strongly positive and longer lasting.
3. The effect of the negative beam on the tonification point is the same as the positive beam on the dispersion point.
4. If we do treatment with both polarities the resulting effect is strongly negative.
5. With the traditional methods of tonification and dispersion combined we can have a strong effect. Tonfication and dispersion therapies do not have clear tonification and dispersion effects. The tonfication method sometimes produces a negative effect, so what should we do? Therapies that affect the signal system produce effects which are more essential as is demonstrated using polarity beams. The following is an explanation of the ion beam device: See Figure 1 (NOT AVAILABLE IN ON-LINE EDITION )

In acupuncture anesthesia, there is a pulse transmitter intended to produce needle anesthesia. It has two outlets which are polarized. The first (see figure 1a below) uses a waveform with positive bias. The second (see figure 1bbelow) uses a waveform with negative bias. They both have “saw tooth” waveforms alternating with a “spike” waveform. Using these waveforms passed through a cylindrical coaxial conductor we can generate polarity beams. The cylindrical coaxial conductor

1. In one conductor, waveform 1a is passed through the central axis, with 1b passed through the coaxial conductor, generating a small beam at the other end which has only a tiny stimulatory effect.

2. In the second conductor we reverse the waveform polarities. 1b is passed through the central axis and 1a through the tubular axis. This produces a beam of opposite effect.

3. Using the beam of #1 is like using the north magnetic pole, this is the positive beam. Using the beam of #2 is like using the south magnetic pole and is the negative beam. See figures 2a and 2b.These positive and negative beams are very useful for researching the X-signal system; they produce effects similar to acupuncture stimulation. We can examine yin - yang imbalances and their regulation with this device and also the effects of various point combinations.

In acupuncture and moxibustion treatments we have some methods of balancing excess and deficient conditions, these are called “tonification and dispersion”.

1. The definition of tonification is the building up of insufficiencies, while dispersion is the breaking down of excess. For example, we have the following techniques: a. breath tonification and dispersion techniques b. ”against” and “following” tonification and dispersion techniques c. point selection tonification and dispersion techniques d. the use of pressure in tonification and dispersion e. the slow and quick tonification and dispersion technique f. the choice of needle and moxa for tonification and dispersion With these various techniques, some schools and therapists have decided to use only very fine stimulation techniques and treatment methods.

2. Some schools of herbal medicine and their therapists have the same language for tonfication and dispersion, but they think differently than do the acupuncture schools. For instance, at one time Yumoto Kyushin said that lung TB is a febrile disease, thus one should use moxibustion because it is heating and tonifying. Over this point he had heated debate with Bunshi Shiroda, an acupuncturist whose teacher Take shi Sawada cured many TB cases with moxa.

3. The effects of tonification and dispersion are generally seen to be opposing. We think these therapies do not necessarily directly tonify the meridian points which do not have enough qi, blood, ying, wei; to say that they do is something of a leap of faith. These things are really related to the X-signal system’s process. For example, they affect and treat the electrical field of the whole or parts of the body. It may be better to think about these methods in this manner. We started researching these polarized agents in acupuncture and moxibustion practice because it involves research of the stimulation of the X-signal system; in doing so we derived the following by-products:

A. By changing our angle of observation we could clearly see how the old techniques are obscure to us in modern times. As an example of this: the mother point given a positive agent has the same effect as a negative agent on the child point and applying both together has a cumulative effect. Changing the negative and positive polarities has the opposite effects. Then, from this we can think about dispersion on the mother point and tonification on the child point. The problem is not only in our practical method; it is a combination of point selection and selection of practical method.

B. From this we could develop new treatment methods, as an example: When we reverse the polarities to negative on the mother point and positive on the child point, both points individually have opposite effects. With these combinations we can either tonify or disperse. So with the positive on the mother and negative on the child point, we can get an amplified tonification effect. No one else has described this clinical methodology.

C. We now have a key for deciding the validity of opposing theories, for example: there are two theories about the location of LI-2, one that it is at the proximal joint of the index finger and the other that it is at the middle joint of the index finger. Upon examining and testing this, we can find that one theory is correct, based upon the responses obtained from stimulating both point locations. Up to this time, if there are different theories about the same phenomenon, we have only had the textbooks to resort to, but now we have a clinical means for testing this.

D. With the X-signal system we could retheorize the meridians, the meridian points of the whole body, and body structure. As an example, we can say that the meridian points are inseparable from the meridians, but the meridian surface contains non-meridian points along its trajectory. The meridian movements go left and right, up and down, anteriorly and posteriorly, controlling the yin and yang oppositions in the body. A point transforms to a line, from a line to a surface and a surface to a solid object, the physical structure. The entirety put together is the biological structure. The entirety and its parts are generally equivalent and inseparable; these ideas are elementary topological concepts. The theories of topology are very useful when applied to acupuncture theory. The signal system is apparent within this construction. (The information transmitted in topological transformations and contained in the topological properties of the body is part of the signal system).

E. We can now formulate a simple treatment system. For example if we use the clinical method described in B, we can use the daily and ten day biorhythms of open points and meridians. According to these sequences, we can use a set of leg and arm yin and yang, for instance lung-bladder, kidney-large intestine (opposite meridians on the daily clock), and can simplify the general treatments. See below for details.

F. It is possible to not use needles now in treatment. Using the beam's polarity we can do general treatments and economize on the number of points used.

Chapter 5
The phenomena of tiny electronic communications applied to polarity treatments
In 1940 Dr. Manaka invented a treatment for burns using ion pumping. In severe, painful burns, positive potassium ions are in excess in the area of the burn - from disruption of the cell walls of the cells in the damaged area. So he thought that it would be helpful to move the positive ions other areas of the body. He experimented in several ways to achieve this goal and found the following to be useful: He had the patient laid on an insulated table attached to the negative lead of a Van de Graf generator, and covered the burn with a thin metal foil, with a metal chain and germanium diode attached, and its other end attached distally on the body. This produced good results treating burns. It would rid or greatly reduce the pain of the burns and speed up the healing process. This treatment is now held in high regard in America. After these initial experiments and findings, he then developed the method further to treat other diseases. He found that using ion pumping (I.P.) on the eight extraordinary vessels is particularly useful. Miss Kazuko Itaya further developed the extraordinary vessel I.P. therapy. But, this treatment style posed certain theoretical problems because the amount of electric current flowing is so tiny and difficult to measure. He temporarily named it the “tiny electronic communication” phenomenon. This phenomenon comes only from experience, in the same way that traditional acupuncture and moxibustion treatments have no specific proofs. More recently, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Akupunktur ”school won a prize for its research essay paper on the different effects of silver and gold needles.

Dr. Manaka, stimulated by this, did his own research and discovered that placing two different metals on the meridians in different ways produced certain effects according to how and where they were applied. He called this the two-metal contact technique. With this technique he was able to further research and discover the problems of the tiny electronic communication techniques. In retrospect he can see that these things are related to the X-signal system and that varying the techniques enables us to examine the diverse nature of the X-signal system. On learning other techniques in Oriental medicine as well as acupuncture and moxibustion, we can sometimes find that there are many other phenomena beyond the stimulation effect. For example, applying small magnetic pellets, magnetic bracelets, necklaces and placing magnets in the pillow one sleeps on, using negative ions in bath water, using high voltage static electricity (from the device made by Byaku Ju Kai), using gold and copper bracelets and ankle bracelets, using humanistic methods, odor therapy, earrings, headbands are all like medicine, but are not really medical techniques. These may all stimulate the X-signal system. But, sometimes this superstitious and commercial use of the X-signal system without clear clinical methodology worries us. These are all some form of tiny agent, but they can treat conditions of imbalance. However, one cannot indiscriminately say that these are placebo effects. When we use those agents, we are interested in those with polarity, but not all have polarity and are thus only effective in certain cases. The cases with polarity are useful except when the placebo effect occurs, an example of this can be found in the use of magnetic fields. Some therapists use only magnetic therapy, thinking only of applying magnetic fields. They often touch the patient's body without discriminating north and south poles. Anton Mesmer is a good example of someone who used to treat like this, but we understand now that his effects were placebo or “mesmeric” and that the north and south magnetic fields when applied to the meridian points have an order and require rules of application. Thus we can say: A. When we use agents with polarity, using or not using this polarity has different effects. When we use polarity agents it is important to know their order of application and combination to obtain beneficial effects, without this knowledge it is difficult to obtain the desired effects. When we explain the X-signal system, we need to use the action of polarity agents, then we can look for the effects of the little stimulation with these polarity tools.

We can do these experiments with the following tools:
1. Two metal contact
2. Magnetic polarity contact
3. With the polarity energy beams of crystals like quartz
4. Copper cords with a germanium diode in it (I.P.)
5. The ion beams as described above
6. Static electricity absorbers that have polarity contact (these are metal rods with a new capacitor-like device built into them which can absorb static electricity from the body tissues).In these, 5 and 6 are useful and practical in treatment. We can temporarily call this “polarity treatment”.

Chapter 6:
Examples of how to use polarity therapy
We have written that suitably used polarity therapy is “general” or “root” therapy, .specially good for restoring balance of yin and yang. The following is a summary of diagnosis for polarity therapy.

1. Pulse diagnosis
There are six positions in the pulse. Some parts are weak and others strong, we compare these, because in traditional diagnostic methods, the pulse was used for differentiating excess and vacancy. But, if some parts are equal, it becomes difficult deciding which is strong and which weak. However, using the daily tonification and dispersion point biorhythmic method allows us to then reexamine and differentiate the pulse. In this method the tonification point of the previous meridian is very useful; this meridian point can tonify all the meridians. For example if we choose the mother point of the meridian of the previous two hour period, it has strong tonification properties. If it is 10 a.m., the spleen time, the previous meridian is the stomach meridian. Its mother point is the fire point at the ankle joint, ST-41. Using the positive beam on this point allows us to then reexamine the pulse and find all pulses mysteriously stronger. We are then able to differentiate the individual differences in strength. Dr. Manaka discovered this phenomenon while researching the use of the ion beam apparatus.

Pulse diagnosis is an important diagnostic method since the old times, however for meridian diagnosis it has one weak point which no one mentions. If the kidney or liver pulse is deficient, how do we know on which side of the body the meridian is weak? This is not clarified in the literature. In herb therapy one can say that the whole liver or kidney is weak without having to discriminate left and right, but in acupuncture therapy, the object of treatment is the meridians and the left - right polarity is very important in diagnosis. Fortunately the next diagnostic method supplements thisdiagnosis.2. Abdominal diagnosis In the diagnostic methods of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, the use and research of methods of diagnosis and treatment for abdominal findings was described in the Chinese classic literature. On the physical body, there are diagnostic points called mupoints which are useful for meridian diagnosis. There are bilateral points for the lungs, large intestine, spleen, liver, gall bladder, and kidneys. On the midline, there are singular diagnostic points for the heart, stomach, triple warmer, small intestine and bladder. For the pericardium no point was mentioned until later when another ren mai point was described, CV-17.From these descriptions and research of them, we can say the following:

a. as above, the left and right polarity is not perfectly described for diagnosis.

b. We examined the tender mu point relationships to their meridians by using the ion beam on the corresponding source points to decrease or not decrease the mu point tenderness. However on doing this, we found that certain points were not correctly located or described. For example, the large intestine mu point, ST-25will not decrease with stimulation of LI-4, but stimulation of TW-4 will decrease the tenderness. Thus we can say ST-25corresponds to the triple warmer meridian.

c. why is the kidney mu point the only one not placed on the anterior portion of the body?

d. because of these questions and his research of them, Dr. Manaka now advocates new abdominal diagnosis points. See figure 2. Notice here that Dr. Manaka thinks that the Chinese traditional mu points as diagnostic points for the meridians are dependent upon body position and meridian state. We cannot ignore discussions about the positions of the meridians. For example, if one raises one's arm and stretches the large intestine meridian, tenderness appears atST-25 and ion beam stimulation of LI-4 will decrease this tenderness. However, in a normal relaxed state this does not occur. Have the patient lay on their back with their whole body relaxed, then slowly examine the surface of the abdomen. The patient should have removed rings, watch, pendant, magnetic pellets etc. The limbs .specially should be relaxed, if they are tense, the pressure pain locations move. These are Dr. Manaka's rules of abdominal diagnosis. The following cases are difficult to discern:

1. fat people

2. very weak people

3. people on medications such as tranquilizers, etc. In Chinese medicine, especially in acupuncture and moxibustion, abdominal diagnosis is difficult to rationalize with modern medicine, which diagnoses internal organ diseases. However, the X-signal system can be assessed through the following:

1. observing the skin condition, its thickness, brightness, hardness, color and pigmentation.

2. observing the condition of the subcutaneous tissues, their fattiness, puffiness and what one feels with light pinching of the skin.

3. observing the condition of the muscles, their softness, hardness, lumpiness, pressure pain, etc.

4. comparing the abdominal quadrants. The healthy abdomen is neither hard nor soft, like “mochi” it is elastic with no pain even on deep palpation. It can be difficult to diagnose in the following cases:

a) fat or thin people

b) people who are using tranquilizers, hypertensive medications, neurological medications. These tend to dull the sensitivity to pressure pain.

c) if the clinician is grounded, he will have difficulty finding pressure pain. These are especially obvious when examining pressure pain diagnosis in the upper, lower, left and right parts, the four quadrants of the abdomen. Traditionally we know, for instance, that the lung and large intestine meridians have surface and interior relationships. We have seen that the arm and leg three yin and yang meridians have implicit relationships in the isophasal correspondences. We can also see relationships between the arm yin and leg yang and the arm yang and leg yin meridians. This is another yin - yang theoretical treatment pattern that is useful, in so far as it further complements the treatment patterns based on abdominal diagnosis, often confirming one’s findings, even in the more difficult cases. It also conforms particularly well to polarity treatment methods, utilizing many of the polarities we have described as implicit in the body. This is a hypothesis that we have clinically verified.3. Diagnosis and treatment of yin - yang and the six levels.

In 1976 Hiroshi Miyawaki published a book entitled Yin Yang and Six Element Acupuncture Theory and Treatments. This describes and uses the meridian order of the “Chinese clock,” the circadian rhythm of the meridians, for doing general or root treatments. The idea originated with an original idea from Osamu Honda of Asahikawa city of Hokkaido, stimulated in part by one of Dr. Manaka's theories. The diagnostic method utilizes palpation of six areas located on the posterior portions of the calf, on the gastrocnemius muscles. See figure 3 for location of the six areas, I-VI. Each area corresponds to one set of arm and leg yin and yang. This is an innovative new systematic idea. These correspondences are:

I.spleen and triple warmer

II. kidney and large intestine

III. liver and small intestine

IV. stomach and pericardium

V. bladder and lung

VI. gall bladder and heart

We palpate these points with gentle pressure, comparing left and right. We select the most painful set for treatment. The treatment principle is to treat the opposite side of the body from the reactive area. In these cases we usually find correspondence between this diagnosis and the other diagnosis methods of abdominal palpation and pulse diagnosis. For instance, if we find III, liver-small intestine reactive, we will often find reaction also on LV-14, below the right ribcage, and on ST-26. The pulse will show liver weakness. To treat, Mr. Miyawaki uses the source and luo points; however Dr. Manaka has devised a method using the tonification and dispersion points. See figure 4. This easy method can affect and improve reactions found on the gastrocnemius and abdomen, and improve weaknesses found in the pulse. Sometimes it seems irrelevant where the patient’s problem is located, the treatment seems able to help in a very short time in many cases. We can sometimes see the signal system that we have theorized exists in the body. We can see clear correlations between the superior - inferior, left - right, anterior - posterior regions, and yin and yang meridians to the yin - yang categories described by Chinese medicine. We can visualize them as “vectors”. These vectors represent strong relationships and polarities in the body. Dr. Manaka's method of polarity treatment in this case is very simple, utilizing the ion beam, though one could use the ion cords instead. If for example III, liver-small intestine on the left leg were sore, one should perform the following procedural steps:

a. apply positive beam to right LV-8, the water and tonfication point. Apply negative beam to right LV-2, the fire and dispersion point

b. apply positive beam to rightSI-3, the wood and tonification point. Apply negative beam to right SI-8, the earth and dispersion point.

c. occasionally the polarities of a and b have to be reversed to obtain the desired therapeutic effects, when this happens it usually occurs more with step b than a.

d. the beam application is only for a short period of time, usually 20seconds is enough (though some people believe that one shouldn’t use it for more than 20 seconds and others that one shouldn’t use it for as long as 20 seconds, we still need clear statistics to be able to say for sure.)If one were to use the ion pumping cords instead, one would needle right LV-8 and LV-2, applying red to LV-8 and black toLV-2, and at the same time needle right SI-3 and SI-8, with red to SI-3 and black to SI-8.ConclusionIn meridian treatments, if we use delicate stimulation, we can receive the effects of and single out the signal system which we have temporarily named the X-signal system. We think that this is an original signal system in the body. Our hypothesis is that this system has the followingcharacteristics:

1. it reacts with tiny agents.

2. the signal input points and output points are unique.

3. in the signal system the point transforms to a line, the line transforms to a surface, integratedly forming a functional structure which organizes the entire body.

4. This organization is controlled by the “holographic paradigm” that is that the whole structure reflects in all of its parts.

In the evolutionary process of Homo Sapiens a lot of external information was received over a long period of time, which was stored and remembered. Darwin explained the theory that this growth did not occur by chance. Schoffeniels asserts that though the process of evolution of the information system, the reaction system and the automation system was very complex, we cannot say that these systems no longer exist. We think that the X-signal system is primitive but fundamental, simple but original. We have found this system by careful excavation behind the automation system and validated its correlations with traditional acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. We have developed techniques to stimulate and use this X-signal system and will probably derive new treatment methods in the future with this. Dr. Yoshio Manaka would like to call this unknown X-Signal system the “Zen-Signal System” on behalf of the late Dr. Zenjiro Kitasato, the former president of the KitasatoInstitute.

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